Representing Organic Compounds - 8.1

Hi. My name is Doctor.

I'm a senior lecturer

at the University of Chester.

I'm also the programme lead for the chemistry

programme here at the University of Chester.

And my main speciality is organic chemistry and

chemistry.

I'm here going to talk to you about, um, organic chemistry content for G CS E.

And we will focus mainly on hydrocarbons alcohols and carbolic

acids.

So organic compounds are compound that you can find in all organic, uh,

in all living organisms.

Uh, they contain mainly carbon.

And, uh, we don't only find them in, uh, living organisms or living, uh, things.

But we also find them,

uh, in geological, um, and artificial by geological and artificial processes.

So, uh, what are hydrocarbons?

So from the name hydrocarbons means they are

compound that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

And they are there are a wide variety of hydrocarbons.

Uh, some of them are street chains. Some of them are branch chains.

There are so many and white uses of hydrocarbon.

So the one we are all and know are being used as fuel.

So the fuel you use in your car is actually hydrocarbons,

and the one that we use at home.

Also, Hydrocarbons. Um, also, you are familiar with the plastics you use.

These are, uh, also come from hydrocarbon.

They are polymers made from hydrocarbons.

So what are hydrocarbons and what are the different classes of hydrocarbons?

So before we start drawing and learning how to draw the different structures of all,

we need to know how to represent different organic compounds.

So the first, um, representation is the empirical formula.

So empirical formula is basically this simplest whole number

ratio of all the elements within a compound.

So if you have a compound that has two carbons, four hydrogen so C two H for the emperor

formula will be CH two,

which represents the lowest

ratio.

And then there is the molecular formula,

which is the more important one because molecular formula gives you

exactly how many atoms of each element within your compound.

So if the compound has two carbon four hydrogen,

it's gonna be C two H four. This is your molecular formula,

and then the general formula.

The general formula is, um,

what we use to represent a whole series of compounds for the same series.

So, um,

it gives you exactly the ratio between

the different elements within in the compound.

So if you have, uh, for example, we have for

a

general formula is CNH two N plus two,

which means if you have a certain number of carbons,

number of hydrogen will be double this number of carbons plus two.

And then there is the structure formula structure formula is the formula when

which shows the arrangements of the atoms within the molecule.

So if you have a compound like 18,

which is C

two C

two, that will show you how the arrangement of the different

in the molecule

and then the displayed formula displayed formula, the detailed formula,

which shows you all the bonds, all the atom.

So you have to represent all the atoms, all the bonds within your molecule.

So these are the main types of representation of organic compounds.