1. The French Revolution, c1780–99

2. Development of a nation: unification of Italy, 1848–70

3. Germany: development of dictatorship, 1918–45

4. Colonial rule and the nationalist challenge in India, 1919–47

5. Dictatorship and conflict in the USSR, 1924–53

6. A world divided: superpower relations, 1943–72

7. A divided union: civil rights in the USA, 1945–74

8. South Africa: from union to the end of apartheid, 1948–94